Down syndrome is associated with which physiological changes regarding insulin?

Down syndrome is associated with increased insulin resistance. This physiological change is significant because individuals with Down syndrome often have a higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders, which can compound issues related to insulin uptake and glucose metabolism.

Insulin resistance means that the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, which is critical for regulating blood sugar levels. In patients with Down syndrome, insulin resistance can lead to higher blood glucose levels and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Understanding this relationship helps healthcare providers anticipate potential complications in these patients and encourages proactive management strategies for their metabolic health.

While decreased insulin resistance would suggest better insulin sensitivity and a lower likelihood of metabolic issues, individuals with Down syndrome commonly do not exhibit this. Stable blood sugar levels would indicate a balanced glucose homeostasis, which is challenging in the context of increased insulin resistance. Enhanced glucose absorption would imply that glucose is being taken up more efficiently by the cells, which contrasts with the challenges posed by insulin resistance. Therefore, the physiological changes linked with Down syndrome are best represented by increased insulin resistance.