What can be a consequence of anticholinergic effects in elderly patients?

In elderly patients, the anticholinergic effects are significant due to the sensitivity of this population to such medications, which may include antihistamines, antidepressants, and certain muscle relaxants. One major consequence of these effects is urinary retention. Anticholinergic medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in the contraction of smooth muscles, including the bladder.

When acetylcholine is inhibited, bladder contraction is diminished, making it difficult for patients to initiate urination. This can lead to urinary retention, where the bladder does not empty completely, causing discomfort and increasing the risk of urinary tract infections.

In older adults, pre-existing conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (in men) can further complicate the effects of anticholinergics, exacerbating urinary retention issues. It's essential for healthcare providers to be aware of these potential outcomes when prescribing medications that have anticholinergic properties, particularly to elderly patients who may already have other health concerns.