What effect do beta blockers have on blood sugar levels?

Beta blockers primarily reduce heart rate and decrease myocardial oxygen demand, but they can also have effects on glucose metabolism. The correct answer reflects that beta blockers can decrease blood sugar levels, particularly by inhibiting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. This is particularly important when considering patients with diabetes, as these medications can mask hypoglycemic symptoms due to their effects on autonomic responses.

While some beta blockers may cause an increase in blood sugar in certain populations, such as those with pre-existing diabetes, they generally show a tendency to lower blood sugar levels through the mechanisms mentioned. Understanding this effect is crucial for managing patients with both cardiovascular issues and diabetes, as careful monitoring may be necessary.