What is the main goal of prenatal testing using the indirect Coombs test?

The main goal of prenatal testing using the indirect Coombs test is to detect potential blood transfusion reactions, specifically in the context of Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus. This test assesses whether the mother's blood has developed antibodies against Rh-positive blood cells, which can occur if she is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive. If such antibodies are present, there is a risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), where the mother's immune system attacks the fetus’s red blood cells, leading to anemia and other complications.

Therefore, the indirect Coombs test serves a critical role in prenatal care, enabling healthcare providers to identify and manage Rh incompatibility issues before they lead to serious health problems for the newborn. This early detection allows for appropriate interventions, such as administering Rh immunoglobulin, to prevent antibody formation.

Other options, such as monitoring fetal development, diagnosing genetic disorders, and screening for multiple pregnancies, do not pertain to the primary function of the indirect Coombs test, which specifically focuses on immune response related to blood type incompatibility.