What is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in children?

Bronchiolitis in children is primarily caused by viral infections, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most common culprit. This condition typically affects children under two years of age and is characterized by inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) in the lungs, which can lead to difficulty breathing, wheezing, and coughing.

When a viral infection occurs, it typically leads to respiratory symptoms that can be more severe in young children due to their smaller airway size and immature immune systems. The viral pathogens responsible for bronchiolitis not only cause direct damage to the respiratory epithelium but also elicit a significant inflammatory response in the airways, contributing to the symptoms and complications associated with the disease.

While bacterial infections, allergic reactions, and environmental irritants can contribute to respiratory issues in children, they are not the primary causes of bronchiolitis. Bacterial infections may occur secondary to viral infections but are relatively less common as a direct cause of this particular condition. Allergies and irritants can provoke asthma or other respiratory issues, but they are not typically the direct instigators of bronchiolitis in the pediatric population. Therefore, understanding the primary role of viral infections in bronchiolitis is crucial