What monitoring is essential when a patient is on lithium therapy?

The essential monitoring for a patient on lithium therapy primarily focuses on thyroid function because lithium has the potential to affect thyroid hormone levels, particularly leading to hypothyroidism. Patients on long-term lithium treatment are at an increased risk of developing thyroid-related issues, making it crucial to monitor TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) levels regularly. This helps ensure that any alterations in thyroid function can be identified and managed promptly.

While liver function tests, complete blood counts, and electrolyte panels are important in general patient management and may be necessary in some contexts, they are not specifically indicated for routine monitoring of patients receiving lithium unless other factors suggest potential issues. Monitoring liver function is more relevant for medications that have a direct hepatotoxic effect, complete blood count is essential in various scenarios but not directly associated with lithium, and electrolyte panels are important due to the potential for lithium levels to fluctuate based on sodium levels, particularly in cases of dehydration or changes in fluid intake. However, the primary and most relevant aspect of monitoring for patients on lithium specifically is TSH levels.