Which form of macular degeneration results in a gradual loss of vision?

Dry macular degeneration is characterized by a gradual loss of vision primarily due to the thinning of the macula, which is the part of the retina responsible for central vision. This form often begins with the development of drusen—small yellow deposits under the retina—and progresses slowly. Over time, these changes can lead to the deterioration of the macula, resulting in a gradual decline in visual acuity. Unlike wet macular degeneration, which is associated with more acute vision loss due to the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, dry macular degeneration typically leads to a more insidious decline in vision.

Age-related macular degeneration encompasses both dry and wet forms; however, the specific characteristic of gradual vision loss is most closely associated with dry macular degeneration. Congenital macular degeneration refers to conditions present at birth and does not fit the description of a gradual loss of vision associated with age-related changes.