Which of the following is not a symptom typically associated with vascular dementia?

Memory loss is indeed associated with a variety of types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, but it is not the most characteristic symptom of vascular dementia. Vascular dementia primarily results from problems in the blood vessels that supply the brain, leading to issues with blood flow and consequently affecting cognitive functions.

In vascular dementia, diminished executive functioning is commonly observed. This can manifest as difficulty in planning, organizing, reasoning, and managing tasks. Impaired judgment is also a hallmark of the condition, where individuals may struggle with decision-making skills and evaluating situations accurately. Reduced spatial processing is linked to difficulties in visual perception and spatial orientation, which can also occur in many individuals with vascular complications.

Thus, while memory loss can occur, it is generally less pronounced in vascular dementia compared to the other symptoms mentioned. The focus on executive functioning and judgment issues highlights the unique cognitive deficits often observed in this type of dementia.