Which test is commonly used to help diagnose temporal arteritis?

The biopsy of the temporal artery is the standard diagnostic test used to confirm temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels, particularly affecting those in the head. A temporal artery biopsy allows for the direct examination of the vessel wall, enabling the identification of characteristic histopathological changes, such as the presence of giant cells and inflammation.

Initiating treatment based on clinical suspicion of temporal arteritis is crucial due to the risk of complications such as vision loss. However, the biopsy is considered the definitive diagnostic tool as it provides concrete evidence of the disease through tissue analysis.

While other tests, like imaging studies or blood tests, can support the diagnosis by highlighting inflammation or changes in blood flow, they do not provide the definitive confirmation that a biopsy does. For instance, a CT scan or X-ray might show related complications or exclude other conditions but would not confirm the diagnosis of temporal arteritis itself. An electrocardiogram is used primarily for cardiac-related issues and is not relevant to diagnosing temporal arteritis. Therefore, biopsy is the most appropriate test when diagnosing this condition.